Herniated discs are generally caused by wear and tear of the disc.  When a person ages, the vertebral disc will lose some of the fluid that helps keep the spine flexible.   Herniated discs are also caused by injuries to the spine.  This injury could cause tiny tears or cracks on the outer layer (Annulus Fibrosus).  The inner layer with the gel-like substance is forced though the tears or cracks causing the disc to bulge, rupture, or break into pieces.

Causes of Injury to the Spine

There are many activities or accidents that can cause an injury to the spine.   When there is sudden heavy strain or an increase of pressure to the lower back, a herniated disc can become worse.  Sudden twisting or even forceful sneezing can force the gel-like substance through the disc’s outer layer.